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Biology & Life Sciences Preprint PDF DOI

Neural Investment as an Entropy-Budget Strategy: A Thermodynamic Derivation of Primate Longevity from the Principle of Biological Time Equivalence

Mesfin Taye ยท 2026

Primates exhibit a robust deviation from canonical allometric scaling: at fixed body mass, their lifespans exceed those of non-primate mammals by factors of two to three. A rhesus macaque (8 kg) livesโ€ฆ

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

YOSO: single-frame Gerchberg-Saxton phase retrieval with AI-based data augmentation for in-line holography

Julianna Winnik, Adam Walocha, Wojciech Ogonowski, Wiktor Forjasz, Piotr Arcab, Miko{l}aj Rogalski, Aleksandra Rutkowska, Marzena Stefaniuk, Jose Angel Picazo-Bueno, Vicente Mico, Maciej Trusiak, Maria Cywinska ยท 2026

We present YOSO (You Only Shot Once), a single-frame phase retrieval framework for digital in-line holographic microscopy (DIHM) in which supervised deep learning is used to numerically generate an adโ€ฆ

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

Neuronal arithmetic operators based on Ovonic threshold switches (OTS) for biologically inspired analog computing

Jingyeong Hwang, Jaesang Lee, Jiin Bang, Younghyun Lee, Unhyeon Kang, Seungmin Oh, Kyungmin Lee, Jaehyun Park, Seongsik Park, Hyun Jae Jang, Sangbum Kim, Min Hyuk Park, Suyoun Lee ยท 2026

Biological neurons perform arithmetic computations - including additive integration and divisive gain modulation - through synaptic conductance changes and shunting inhibition, enabling context-dependโ€ฆ

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

BrainDINO: A Brain MRI Foundation Model for Generalizable Clinical Representation Learning

Yizhou Wu, Shansong Wang, Yuheng Li, Mojtaba Safari, Mingzhe Hu, Chih-Wei Chang, Harini Veeraraghavan, Xiaofeng Yang ยท 2026

Brain MRI underpins a wide range of neuroscientific and clinical applications, yet most learning-based methods remain task-specific and require substantial labeled data. Here we show that a single selโ€ฆ

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

A Multi-Dataset Benchmark of Multiple Instance Learning for 3D Neuroimage Classification

Ethan Harvey, Dennis Johan Loevlie, Amir Ali Satani, Wansu Chen, David M. Kent, Michael C. Hughes ยท 2026

Despite being resource-intensive to train, 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been the standard approach to classify CT and MRI scans. Recent work suggests that deep multiple instance learniโ€ฆ

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Bian Que: An Agentic Framework with Flexible Skill Arrangement for Online System Operations

Bochao Liu, Zhipeng Qian, Yang Zhao, Xinyuan Jiang, Zihan Liang, Yufei Ma, Junpeng Zhuang, Ben Chen, Shuo Yang, Hongen Wan, Yao Wu, Chenyi Lei, Xiao Liang ยท 2026

Operating and maintaining (O&M) large-scale online engine systems (search, recommendation, advertising) demands substantial human effort for release monitoring, alert response, and root cause analysisโ€ฆ

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Projections for handling uncertainties and enabling domain truncation in diffuse optical tomography

Aada Hakula, Pauliina Hirvi, Nuutti Hyvonen, Altti Jaaskelainen, Ville Kolehmainen ยท 2026

This paper presents a projection-based technique to mitigate the impact of modeling errors related to domain truncation, changes in the optode coupling coefficients, and misspecified optical parameterโ€ฆ

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Engineering Preprint PDF DOI

Fuelling fusion plasmas with pellets: Can neuromorphic control outperform Sigma-Delta modulation?

L.L.T.C. Jansen, E. Petri, M. van Berkel, W.P.M.H. Heemels ยท 2026

Nuclear fusion is a promising clean energy source in which deuterium and tritium fuse inside a magnetically confined plasma in a tokamak, releasing energy. A key challenge on the route to practical nuโ€ฆ

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

ViBE: Visual-to-M/EEG Brain Encoding via Spatio-Temporal VAE and Distribution-Aligned Projection

Ganxi Xu, Zhao-Rong Lai, Yuting Tang, Yonghao Song, Shuyan Zhou, Guoxu Zhou, Boyu Wang, Jian Zhu, Jinyi Long ยท 2026

Brain encoding models not only serve to decipher how visual stimuli are transformed into neural responses, but also represent a critical step toward visual prostheses that restore vision for patients โ€ฆ

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

A Data-Centric Framework for Intraoperative Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging for Glioma Surgical Guidance

Silvia Noble Anbunesan, Mohamed Abul Hassan, Jinyi Qi, Lisanne Kraft, Han Sung Lee, Orin Bloch, Laura Marcu ยท 2026

Accurate intraoperative assessment of glioma infiltration is essential for maximizing tumor resection while preserving functional brain tissue. Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) offers real-time, lโ€ฆ

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Think Before You Act -- A Neurocognitive Governance Model for Autonomous AI Agents

Eranga Bandara, Ross Gore, Asanga Gunaratna, Sachini Rajapakse, Isurunima Kularathna, Ravi Mukkamala, Sachin Shetty, Xueping Liang, Amin Hass, Tharaka Hewa, Abdul Rahman, Christopher K. Rhea, Anita H. Clayton, Preston Samuel, Atmaram Yarlagadda ยท 2026

The rapid deployment of autonomous AI agents across enterprise, healthcare, and safety-critical environments has created a fundamental governance gap. Existing approaches, runtime guardrails, trainingโ€ฆ

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Engineering Preprint PDF DOI

SlicerRoboTMS: An Open-Source 3D Slicer Extension for Robot-Assisted Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Wenzhi Bai, Yituo Guo, Bhaskar Basu, Andrew Weightman, Zhenhong Li ยท 2026

Robot-assisted Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (Robo-TMS) is an image-guided robotic intervention that enhances the accuracy and reproducibility of conventional Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMโ€ฆ

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Neuroscience Preprint PDF DOI

A geometry aware framework enhances noninvasive mapping of whole human brain dynamics

Song Wang, Kexin Lou, Chen Wei, Zhiyuan Sheng, Jiahao Tang, Kaining Peng, Xinke Shen, Shuhao Mei, Liang Chen, Dongfeng Gu, Quanying Liu ยท 2026

Non-invasive electrophysiology lacks methods that accurately reconstruct whole-brain spatiotemporal dynamics while incorporating individual cortical geometry, leaving current electroencephalography anโ€ฆ

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

CoRE: Concept-Reasoning Expansion for Continual Brain Lesion Segmentation

Qianqian Chen, Anglin Liu, Jingyang Zhang, Yudong Zhang ยท 2026

Accurate brain lesion segmentation in MRI is vital for effective clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. Due to high annotation costs and strict data privacy regulations, universal models require eโ€ฆ

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

On a Keller-Segel type equation to model Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells growth's patterns

B Ambrosio, A Garroudji, S Fitzsimons, H Zaag, F.M. Elahi ยท 2026

This article presents a partial differential equation (PDE) of Keller-Segel (KS) type that reproduces patterns commonly observed during the growth of brain microvasculature. We provide mathematical inโ€ฆ

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Towards Unified Multi-task EEG Analysis with Low-Rank Adaptation

Sicheng Dai, Kai Chen, Hongwang Xiao, Shan Yu, Qiwei Ye ยท 2026

Recent self-supervised pre-training methods for electroencephalogram (EEG) have shown promising results. However, the pre-trained models typically require full fine-tuning on each downstream task indiโ€ฆ

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Dynamic Decision Learning: Test-Time Evolution for Abnormality Grounding in Rare Diseases

Jun Li, Mingxuan Liu, Jiazhen Pan, Che Liu, Wenjia Bai, Cosmin I. Bercea, Julia A. Schnabel ยท 2026

Clinical abnormality grounding for rare diseases is often hindered by data scarcity, making supervised fine-tuning impractical and single-pass inference highly unstable. We propose Dynamic Decision Leโ€ฆ

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Network-aware IV Regression for Causal Node Discovery and Estimation

Samhita Pal, Dhrubajyoti Ghosh ยท 2026

Estimating causal effects from high-dimensional, structured exposures is a fundamental challenge in modern applications ranging from neuroscience and finance to environmental science. While the literaโ€ฆ

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Independent-Component-Based Encoding Models of Brain Activity During Story Comprehension

Kamya Hari, Taha Binhuraib, Jin Li, Cory Shain, Anna A. Ivanova ยท 2026

Encoding models provide a powerful framework for linking continuous stimulus features to neural activity; however, traditional voxelwise approaches are limited by measurement noise, inter-subject variโ€ฆ

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Homology-based Morphometry of Brain Atrophy: Methods and Applications

Donato Quiccione, Mariam Pirashvili, Nathan Broomhead, Sean J. Fallon ยท 2026

Understanding the structure of the brain, and how it changes with time and disease, is a core goal of structural neuroimaging. Contemporary approaches to structural brain analysis are dominated by voxโ€ฆ

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