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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Length Value Model: Scalable Value Pretraining for Token-Level Length Modeling

Zhen Zhang, Changyi Yang, Zijie Xia, Zhen Yang, Chengzhi Liu, Zhaotiao Weng, Yepeng Liu, Haobo Chen, Jin Pan, Chenyang Zhao, Yuheng Bu, Alkesh Patel, Zhe Gan, Xin Eric Wang ยท 2026

Token serves as the fundamental unit of computation in modern autoregressive models, and generation length directly influences both inference cost and reasoning performance. Despite its importance, exโ€ฆ

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

Compartment Modelling of Multiphase Reactors using Unsupervised Clustering

Michael Mitterlindner, Maximilian Graber, Regina Kratzer, Markus Reichhartinger, Stefan Radl ยท 2026

Detailed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are too computationally expensive for the real-time control and design optimization of multiphase flow reactors. To address these limitations, wโ€ฆ

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

Implementation of the hybrid exchange-correlation functionals in the SIESTA code

Yann Pouillon, Bill Clintone Oyomo, James Sifuna, Maria Camarasa-Gomez, Xinming Qin, Carlos Beltran, Fernando Gomez-Ortiz, Honghui Shang, Javier Junquera ยท 2026

We present an efficient and accurate implementation of hybrid exchange-correlation (XC) functionals in the SIESTA code, enabling large-scale simulations based on Hartree-Fock-type exact exchange combiโ€ฆ

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Decomposition of Automata recognizing Ideals

Mathias Berry, Pierre-Cyrille Heam, Ismael Jecker ยท 2026

Minimizing the size of finite automata is a fundamental problem in theoretical computer science. Beyond standard minimization, further reductions can be achieved by decomposing an automaton into smallโ€ฆ

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Fermat Numbers: Pseudoprimality and Primality Constraints

Paolo Starni ยท 2026

We establish a necessary condition for pseudoprimality and a sufficient condition for primality of Fermat numbers, based on a congruence involving the exponent $(F_n-1)/4$. Moreover, in connection witโ€ฆ

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Leverage Laws: A Per-Task Framework for Human-Agent Collaboration

Stan Loosmore ยท 2026

We propose a per-task leverage ratio for human-agent collaboration: human work displaced by an agent, divided by the human time required to specify the task, resolve mid-run interrupts, and review theโ€ฆ

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Strategic Bidding in 6G Spectrum Auctions with Large Language Models

Ismail Lotfi, Ali Ghrayeb ยท 2026

Efficient and fair spectrum allocation is a central challenge in 6G networks, where massive connectivity and heterogeneous services continuously compete for limited radio resources. We investigate theโ€ฆ

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Time-Series Forecasting in Safety-Critical Environments: An EU-AI-Act-Compliant Open-Source Package / Zeitreihenprognose in sicherheitskritischen Umgebungen: Ein KI-VO-konformes Open-Source-Paket

Thomas Bartz-Beielstein, Eva Bartz ยท 2026

With spotforecast2-safe we present an integrated Compliance-by-Design approach to Python-based point forecasting of time series in safety-critical environments. A review of the relevant open-source toโ€ฆ

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Malliavin calculus for signatures with applications to finance

Eduardo Abi Jaber, Clement Rey, Dimitri Sotnikov ยท 2026

Malliavin calculus is a powerful and general framework for the analysis of square-integrable random variables, but it often suffers from a lack of tractability and explicit representations. To addressโ€ฆ

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Transferable SCF-Acceleration through Solver-Aligned Initialization Learning

Eike S. Eberhard, Viktor Kotsev, Timm Guthle, Stephan Gunnemann ยท 2026

Machine learning methods that predict initial guesses from molecular geometry can reduce this cost, but matrix-prediction models fail when extrapolating to larger molecules, degrading rather than acceโ€ฆ

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Curve Closest to Sphere

Thando Nkomozake ยท 2026

We propose a solution to the tenth of Professor Clark Kimberling's unsolved problems found on https://faculty.evansville.edu/ck6/integer/unsolved.html. We are required to find the parametric equationsโ€ฆ

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Composition operators and Rational Inner Functions on the bidisc: A geometric approach

Athanasios Beslikas ยท 2026

We study composition operators acting on the weighted Bergman spaces on the bidisc, i.e. $C_{\Phi}:A^2_{\beta}(\mathbb{D}^2)\to A^2_{\beta}(\mathbb{D}^2)$ where $\Phi$ is induced by rational inner funโ€ฆ

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

Closing the Loop: Deploying Auto-Generating Digital Twins for Particle Accelerators

A. D. Brynes, M. King, K. R. L. Baker, R. Banerjee, R. Clarke, D. J. Dunning, J. K. Jones, M. Leputa, A. E. Pollard, M. Romanovschi, M. Shaw, N. Ziyan ยท 2026

The simulation of a physical system in a virtual replica, known as a digital twin, is a useful way to interrogate the system non-invasively, providing the ability to perform predictive maintenance andโ€ฆ

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

LogosKG: Hardware-Optimized Scalable and Interpretable Knowledge Graph Retrieval

He Cheng, Yifu Wu, Saksham Khatwani, Maya Kruse, Dmitriy Dligach, Timothy A. Miller, Majid Afshar, Yanjun Gao ยท 2026

Knowledge graphs (KGs) are increasingly integrated with large language models (LLMs) to provide structured, verifiable reasoning. A core operation in this integration is multi-hop retrieval, yet existโ€ฆ

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Unirational algebraic groups and tame ramification

Otto Overkamp, Ismaele Vanni ยท 2026

Let $\mathcal{O}_K$ be a complete discrete valuation ring with field of fractions $K$ and algebraically closed residue field $k.$ Let $G$ be a smooth connected commutative algebraic group over $K$ whiโ€ฆ

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Engineering Preprint PDF DOI

A Model and Estimation of the Bitcoin Transaction Fee

Daniel Aronoff, Kristian Praizner, Armin Sabouri ยท 2026

Bitcoin transaction fees will become more important as the block subsidy declines, but fee formation is hard to study with blockchain data alone because the relevant queueing environment is unobservedโ€ฆ

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

On convergence rates of subgradient descent on semialgebraic functions

Evgenii Chzhen, Sholom Schechtman ยท 2026

We analyze the constant step size subgradient method on nonsmooth, nonconvex functions. We identify geometric assumptions on the objective function under which i) its domain admits a partition (stratiโ€ฆ

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

When Spike Sparsity Does Not Translate to Deployed Cost: VS-WNO on Jetson Orin Nano

Jason Yoo, Shailesh Garg, Souvik Chakraborty, Syed Bahauddin Alam ยท 2026

Spiking neural operators are appealing for neuromorphic edge computing because event-driven substrates can, in principle, translate sparse activity into lower latency and energy. Whether that advantagโ€ฆ

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Topologizing infinite quivers and their mutations

Benjamin Grant ยท 2026

We define several topological spaces whose points are quivers with a given infinite vertex set $X$. In the special case when $X$ is countably infinite, we show that two of the spaces of interest are hโ€ฆ

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Orthogonal Strip Partitioning of Polygons: Lattice-Theoretic Algorithms and Lower Bounds

Jaehoon Chung ยท 2026

We study a variant of a polygon partition problem, introduced by Chung, Iwama, Liao, and Ahn [ISAAC'25]. Given orthogonal unit vectors $\mathbf{u},\mathbf{v}\in \mathbb{R}^2$ and a polygon $P$ with $nโ€ฆ

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