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Earth & Environmental Sciences Preprint PDF DOI

Evaluating local climate in global storm-resolving models with the K\"oppen-Geiger classification

Chiel C. van Heerwaarden, Menno A. Veerman, Imme Benedict, Lukas Brunner, Edgar Dolores-Tesillos, Emanuel Dutra, Erich Fischer, Junhong Lee, Olivia Martius, Xabier Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, Ulrike Proske, Sarah N. Warnau, Jonathan D. Willie, Cathy Hohenegger · 2026

Global storm-resolving models aspire to become digital twins of the Earth, delivering information at the local scale at which humans experience climate. We evaluated how well two such models, ICON and…

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Sociology & Anthropology Preprint PDF DOI

No one likes it hot, but hotter cities adjust by staying active later

Andrew Renninger, Till Koebe, Ingmar Weber · 2026

Extreme heat suppresses urban activity, but its effects need not be uniform across climates or across the day. Using data on activity at points of interest in 20 cities spanning temperate, tropical, a…

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Biology & Life Sciences Preprint PDF DOI

Global remote sensing reveals vegetation clustering as a physical footprint of shifting aridity trends in drylands

David Pinto-Ramos, Marcel Gabriel Clerc, Abdelkader Makhoute, Mustapha Tlidi · 2026

Due to climatic changes, excessive grazing, and deforestation, semi-arid and arid ecosystems are vulnerable to desertification and land degradation. As aridity increases, vegetation cover often self-o…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Automated Extraction of Pharmacokinetic Parameters from Structured XML Scientific Articles: Enhancing Data Accessibility at Scale

Remya Ampadi Ramachandran, Lisa A. Tell, Sidharth Rai, Nuwan Millagaha Gedara, Hossein Sholehrasa, Jim E. Riviere, Majid Jaberi-Douraki · 2026

In the field of pharmacology, there is a notable absence of centralized, comprehensive, and up-to-date repositories of PK data. This poses a significant challenge for R&D as it can be a time-consuming…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

HarmChip: Evaluating Hardware Security Centric LLM Safety via Jailbreak Benchmarking

Zeng Wang, Minghao Shao, Weimin Fu, Prithwish Basu Roy, Xiaolong Guo, Ramesh Karri, Muhammad Shafique, Johann Knechtel, Ozgur Sinanoglu · 2026

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into electronic design automation (EDA) workflows has introduced powerful capabilities for RTL generation, verification, and design optimization, but al…

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Earth & Environmental Sciences Preprint PDF DOI

Carbon Cycle Imbalances on Arid Terrestrial Planets with Implications for Venus

Haskelle T. White-Gianella, Joshua Krissansen-Totton · 2026

Arid terrestrial exoplanets are potentially abundant and are thus interesting targets in the search for life. In particular, M-dwarf planets such as those in the TRAPPIST-1 system may possess limited …

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Outperforming Self-Attention Mechanisms in Solar Irradiance Forecasting via Physics-Guided Neural Networks

Mohammed Ezzaldin Babiker Abdullah, Rufaidah Abdallah Ibrahim Mohammed · 2026

Accurate Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) forecasting is critical for grid stability, particularly in arid regions characterized by rapid aerosol fluctuations. While recent trends favor computationa…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Thermodynamic Liquid Manifold Networks: Physics-Bounded Deep Learning for Solar Forecasting in Autonomous Off-Grid Microgrids

Mohammed Ezzaldin Babiker Abdullah · 2026

The stable operation of autonomous off-grid photovoltaic systems requires solar forecasting algorithms that respect atmospheric thermodynamics. Contemporary deep learning models consistently exhibit c…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Improving Model Performance by Adapting the KGE Metric to Account for System Non-Stationarity

M Jawad, HV Gupta, YH Wang, MA Farmani, A Behrangi, GY Niu · 2026

Geoscientific systems tend to be characterized by pronounced temporal non-stationarity, arising from seasonal and climatic variability in hydrometeorological drivers, and from natural and anthropogeni…

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

Vegetation Pattern Formation via Energy-Balance-Constrained Modeling

Chad M. Topaz · 2026

Vegetation in semi-arid environments self-organizes into striking spatial patterns -- bands, spots, labyrinths, and gaps -- with characteristic wavelengths on the order of tens to hundreds of meters. …

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

Predicting CO and dust emission of star-forming galaxies

B. Vollmer, J. Braine, M. Soida, P. Gratier · 2026

How do Dwarf Galaxies differ from spirals? Does star formation produce radio and far-infrared emission in the same way as in spiral galaxies? Radio, FarIR, and CO emission depend on gas density, tempe…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Process-Aware AI for Rainfall-Runoff Modeling: A Mass-Conserving Neural Framework with Hydrological Process Constraints

Mohammad A. Farmani, Hoshin V. Gupta, Ali Behrangi, Muhammad Jawad, Sadaf Moghisi, Guo-Yue Niu · 2026

Machine learning models can achieve high predictive accuracy in hydrological applications but often lack physical interpretability. The Mass-Conserving Perceptron (MCP) provides a physics-aware artifi…

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Proportion of periodic points in reduction of polynomials

Santiago Radi · 2026

In 2014, Juul, Kurlberg, Madhu and Tucker asked the following: given $K$ a number field and $f$ a rational function with coefficients in $K$, if $f_\mathfrak{p}$ denotes the reduction of $f$ modulo a …

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Regge metrics with enhanced trace

Snorre H. Christiansen, Ting Lin · 2026

We introduce variants of Regge finite element metrics with enhanced properties of the trace. In particular the trace operator is surjective to a finite element space of continuous functions. Multiplyi…

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

How inertia affects autotoxicity-mediated vegetation dynamics: from close-to to far-from-equilibrium patterns

Giancarlo Consolo, Carmela Curro, Gabriele Grifo, Annalisa Iuorio, Giovanna Valenti, Frits Veerman · 2026

In this work, the influence of inertial effects on the formation and evolution of vegetation patterns on sloped arid terrains is investigated from the onset of instability to far-from-equilibrium. Ana…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Reinforcement learning-based dynamic cleaning scheduling framework for solar energy system

Heungjo An · 2026

Advancing autonomous green technologies in solar photovoltaic (PV) systems is key to improving sustainability and efficiency in renewable energy production. This study presents a reinforcement learnin…

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Earth & Environmental Sciences Preprint PDF DOI

Superhydrophobic Sand Mulch Shifts Soil Evaporation from Temperature-Controlled to Diffusion-Limited Regimes

Amr Al-Zu'bi, Muhammad Subkhi Sadullah, Jiaqi Zheng, Lisa Exposito, Adair Gallo Jr., Himanshu Mishra · 2026

In hot arid and semi-arid regions, substantial irrigation water is lost through surface evaporation under intense solar irradiation and high temperatures, limiting freshwater sustainability and crop p…

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Homotopy Lie algebras and coherent infinitesimal 2-braidings

Cameron Kemp · 2026

Given a homotopy Lie algebra (i.e. an $L_\infty$-algebra) $\mathfrak{g}$, we show concretely how the Lada-Markl $\mathfrak{g}$-modules (i.e. representations) assemble into a symmetric monoidal dg-cate…

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Biology & Life Sciences Preprint PDF DOI

Intermittent precipitation and spatial Allee effects drive irregular vegetation patterns in semiarid ecosystems

Alex Gimenez-Romero, Bernard A. Afful, Priscilla E. Greenwood, Manuel A. Matias, Luis F. Gordillo · 2026

Vegetation in semi-arid ecosystems frequently organizes into spatially heterogeneous mosaics that regulate ecosystem functioning, productivity, and resilience. These patterns arise from local biologic…

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Earth & Environmental Sciences Preprint PDF DOI

Sculpting of Martian brain terrain reveals the drying of ancient Mars

Shenyi Zhang, Lei Zhang, Yutian Ke, Jinhai Zhang · 2026

The Martian brain terrain (MBT), characterized by its unique brain-like morphology, is a potential geological archive for finding hints of paleoclimatic conditions during its formation period. The mor…

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