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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

From LLM-Driven Trading Card Generation to Procedural Relatedness: A Pok\'emon Case Study

Johannes Pfau, Panagiotis Vrettis · 2026

Since the dawn of Trading Card Games, the genre has grown into a multi-billion-dollar industry engaging millions of analog and digital players worldwide. Popular TCGs rely on regular updates, balance …

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

A Collective Variational Principle Unifying Bayesian Inference, Game Theory, and Thermodynamics

Djamel Bouchaffra, Faycal Ykhlef, Mustapha Lebbah, Hanane Azzag · 2026

Collective intelligence emerges across biological, physical, and artificial systems without central coordination, yet a unifying principle governing such behaviour remains elusive. The Free Energy Pri…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

SimEval-IR: A Unified Toolkit and Benchmark Suite for Evaluating User Simulators and Search Sessions

Saber Zerhoudi · 2026

User simulators are increasingly central to interactive information retrieval, yet the community lacks standardized evaluation tools. Simulators serve two objectives, behavioral realism (matching real…

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

A Ring structure on the Class of Combinatorial Games

Harry Altman, Paolo Lipparini · 2026

J. Conway defined useful operations on the Class of combinatorial games and also introduced a notion of equivalence between games. Conway showed that, under his equivalence, games form a Group. Howeve…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

WOOTdroid: Whole-system Online On-device Tracing for Android

Simon Althaus, Nikolaos Alexopoulos, Max Muhlhauser, Christian Reuter, Ephraim Zimmer · 2026

System auditing on Android faces two problems. First, existing syscall tracers lose events under load, silently overwriting entries faster than a user space reader can drain them. Second, security-rel…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

"It depends on where AI is used": Players' attitude patterns and evaluative logics toward different AI applications in digital games

Ting-Chen Hsu, Jiangxu Lin, Wenran Chen, Fei Qin, Zheyuan Zhang · 2026

As AI becomes increasingly embedded in digital games, players' attitudes de-pend not only on whether AI is used, but also on where and how it intervenes in gameplay. This study examines players' evalu…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Test Before You Deploy: Governing Updates in the LLM Supply Chain

Mohd Sameen Chishti, Damilare Peter Oyinloye, Jingyue Li · 2026

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as core dependencies in software systems. However, the hosted LLM services evolve continuously through provider-side updates without explicit version…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

How Code Representation Shapes False-Positive Dynamics in Cross-Language LLM Vulnerability Detection

Maofei Chen, Laifu Wang, Yue Qin, Yuan Wang, Bo Wu, Dongxin Liu · 2026

How code representation format shapes false positive behaviour in cross-language LLM vulnerability detection remains poorly understood. We systematically vary training intensity and code representatio…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Bridging Values and Behavior: A Hierarchical Framework for Proactive Embodied Agents

Chunhui Zhang, Yuxuan Wang, Aoyang Qin, Yi-Long Lu, Kunlun Wu, Yizhou Wang, Wei Wang · 2026

Current embodied agents are often limited to passive instruction-following or reactive need-satisfaction, lacking a stable, high-order value framework essential for long-term, self-directed behavior a…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Skills-Coach: A Self-Evolving Skill Optimizer via Training-Free GRPO

Yu Tian, Jiawei Chen, Lifan Zheng, Mingxiang Tao, Xinyi Zeng, Zhaoxia Yin, Hang Su, Xian Sun · 2026

We introduce Skills-Coach, a novel automated framework designed to significantly enhance the self-evolution of skills within Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents. Addressing the current fragmentati…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

PRTS: A Primitive Reasoning and Tasking System via Contrastive Representations

Yang Zhang, Jiangyuan Zhao, Chenyou Fan, Fangzheng Yan, Tian Li, Haitong Tang, Sen Fu, Xuan'er Wu, Qizhen Weng, Weinan Zhang, Xiu Li, Chi Zhang, Chenjia Bai, Xuelong Li · 2026

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models advance robotic control via strong visual-linguistic priors. However, existing VLAs predominantly frame pretraining as supervised behavior cloning, overlooking the …

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

ScaleBox: Enabling High-Fidelity and Scalable Code Verification for Large Language Models

Jiasheng Zheng, Xin Zheng, Boxi Cao, Pengbo Wang, Zhengzhao Ma, Qiming Zhu, Jiazhen Jiang, Yaojie Lu, Hongyu Lin, Xianpei Han, Le Sun · 2026

Code sandboxes have emerged as a critical infrastructure for advancing the coding capabilities of large language models, providing verifiable feedback for both RL training and evaluation. However, exi…

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Solution Sets for Inverse Infinite-Horizon Linear-Quadratic Descriptor Differential Games

Aaditya Kumar, Puduru Viswanadha Reddy · 2026

In this letter, we study a model-based inverse problem for infinite-horizon linear-quadratic differential games with descriptor dynamics. Specifically, we seek to identify the set of all cost function…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Tracking Conversations: Measuring Content and Identity Exposure on AI Chatbots

Muhammad Jazlan, Ethan Wang, Yash Vekaria, Zubair Shafiq · 2026

AI chatbots are becoming a primary interface for seeking information. As their popularity grows, chatbot providers are starting to deploy advertising and analytics. Despite this, tracking on AI chatbo…

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

Star cluster formation from turbulent clumps. V. Stellar clustering around massive stars

Aayush Gautam, Juan P. Farias, Jonathan C. Tan · 2026

Massive stars (> 8 $M_\odot$) are known to have high degrees of multiplicity, e.g., with about 60% in triples or higher-order multiples. Such high levels of multiplicity may arise during formation (pr…

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Mean-Field Systems with Heterogeneous Subteams: Optimality of Cluster-Symmetric Independent Policies and Equivalence with Decentralized McKean-Vlasov Control of Cluster-Representative Agents

Connor S. Braun, Sina Sanjari, Naci Saldi, Gunnar Blohm, Serdar Yuksel · 2026

Across science and engineering, mean-field methods have been a powerful and versatile approach for the analysis of systems of many interacting elements. However, common arguments used to characterize …

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

REBENCH: A Procedural, Fair-by-Construction Benchmark for LLMs on Stripped-Binary Types and Names (Extended Version)

Jun Yeon Won, Xin Jin, Shiqing Ma, Zhiqiang Lin · 2026

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in recent years, driving their adoption across a wide range of domains, including computer security. In reverse engineering, LLMs are inc…

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Revealing Strategic Interactions in Network Games Under Decaying Active Probing

Xiaoyu Xin, Longxu Zhang, Jinlong Lei, Yiguang Hong · 2026

Revealing the interaction topology underlying strategic behavior is fundamental to prediction, intervention, and policy design in networked systems. Yet the interaction matrix is often unobservable, a…

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Economics & Finance Preprint PDF DOI

Extreme Equilibria: The Benefits of Correlation

Kirill Rudov, Fedor Sandomirskiy, Leeat Yariv · 2026

Correlated equilibria arise naturally when agents communicate or rely on intermediaries such as recommendation systems. We study when a given Nash equilibrium can be improved within the set of correla…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

What Suppresses Nash Equilibrium Play in Large Language Models? Mechanistic Evidence and Causal Control

Paraskevas V. Lekeas, Giorgos Stamatopoulos · 2026

LLM agents are known to deviate from Nash equilibria in strategic interactions, but nobody has looked inside the model to understand why, or asked whether the deviation can be reversed. We do both. …

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