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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Iterative Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Medical Question Answering

Xupeng Chen, Binbin Shi, Chenqian Le, Jiaqi Zhang, Kewen Wang, Ran Gong, Jinhan Zhang, Chihang Wang · 2026

Medical retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems typically operate on text chunks extracted from biomedical literature, discarding the rich visual content (tables, figures, structured layouts) of …

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Political Bias Audits of LLMs Capture Sycophancy to the Inferred Auditor

Petter Tornberg, Michelle Schimmel · 2026

Large language models (LLMs) are commonly evaluated for political bias based on their responses to fixed questionnaires, which typically place frontier models on the political left. A parallel literat…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Beyond the Mean: Within-Model Reliable Change Detection for LLM Evaluation

Jon-Paul Cacioli · 2026

We adapted the Reliable Change Index (RCI; Jacobson and Truax, 1991) from clinical psychology to item-level LLM version comparison on 2,000 MMLU-Pro items (K=10 samples at T=0.7). Two within-family pa…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

A note on the parameter $\ell$ in Buchbinder--Feldman's deterministic submodular matroid algorithm

Shisheng Li · 2026

Buchbinder and Feldman recently gave a deterministic $(1-1/e-\varepsilon)$-approximation for maximizing a non-negative monotone submodular function subject to a matroid constraint, with query complexi…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Instruction Complexity Induces Positional Collapse in Adversarial LLM Evaluation

Jon-Paul Cacioli · 2026

When instructed to underperform on multiple-choice evaluations, do language models engage with question content or fall back on positional shortcuts? We map the boundary between these regimes using a …

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Hamilton decompositions of the directed 5-torus for odd modulus

SangHyun Park · 2026

We prove that the directed five-dimensional torus $D_5(m) = \operatorname{Cay}((\mathbb{Z}_m)^5, \{e_0, e_1, e_2, e_3, e_4\})$ has a Hamilton decomposition for every odd integer $m \geq 3$. This is th…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

A Semantic Quantum Circuit Cache for Scalable and Distributed Quantum-Classical Workflows

Mar Tejedor, Javier Conejero, Rosa M. Badia · 2026

Hybrid quantum--classical workflows often execute large ensembles of circuits that differ syntactically but implement identical operations, leading to substantial redundant computation. To address thi…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Option-Order Randomisation Reveals a Distributional Position Attractor in Prompted Sandbagging

Jon-Paul Cacioli · 2026

A predecessor pilot (Cacioli, 2026) found that Llama-3-8B implements prompted sandbagging as positional collapse rather than answer avoidance. However, fixed option ordering in MMLU-Pro left open whet…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Prime-Field PINI: Machine-Checked Composition Theorems for Post-Quantum NTT Masking

Ray Iskander, Khaled Kirah · 2026

This is Paper 6 of a series of formally-verified analyses of masked NTT hardware for post-quantum cryptography; Paper 1 [1] established structural dependency analysis of the QANARY platform, and Paper…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

JURY-RL: Votes Propose, Proofs Dispose for Label-Free RLVR

Xinjie Chen, Biao Fu, Jing Wu, Guoxin Chen, Xinggao Liu, Dayiheng Liu, Minpeng Liao · 2026

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) enhances the reasoning of large language models (LLMs), but standard RLVR often depends on human-annotated answers or carefully curated reward spe…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Below-Chance Blindness: Prompted Underperformance in Small LLMs Produces Positional Bias Rather than Answer Avoidance

Jon-Paul Cacioli · 2026

Detecting sandbagging--the deliberate underperformance on capability evaluations--is an open problem in AI safety. We tested whether symptom validity testing (SVT) logic from clinical malingering dete…

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Chebyshev quotients, Demazure multiplicities, and Dyck-path models

Rekha Biswal, Ken Ono, Jujian Zhang · 2026

We study Chebyshev quotients that arise in the representation theory of Lie algebras, specifically within the theory of Demazure flags for fusion products of $\mathfrak{sl}_2[t]$-modules. Motivated by…

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

Coherent Rollout Oracles for Finite-Horizon Sequential Decision Problems

Nishant Shukla · 2026

Coherent quantum rollout for sequential decision problems requires a unitary simulator: randomness must live in explicit quantum registers, and basis-state selectors must be mapped to actions reversib…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Null Measurability at the Symmetrization Interface in VC Learning

Dhruv Gupta · 2026

Recent work revisiting measurability in the fundamental theorem of statistical learning imposes Borel measurability of ghost-gap suprema. We show that, at the one-sided ghost-gap interface actually us…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Machine-Checked Cardinality Bounds for Masked Barrett Reduction: A 1-Bit Side-Channel Leakage Barrier in Post-Quantum Cryptographic Hardware

Ray Iskander, Khaled Kirah · 2026

Barrett reduction is the nonlinear core of every practical NTT-based post-quantum cryptography implementation. Existing composition frameworks (ISW, t-SNI, PINI, DOM) address Boolean masking over GF(2…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

GAMMAF: A Common Framework for Graph-Based Anomaly Monitoring Benchmarking in LLM Multi-Agent Systems

Pablo Mateo-Torrejon, Alfonso Sanchez-Macian · 2026

The rapid integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) has significantly enhanced their collaborative problem-solving capabilities, but it has also expanded their attack …

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Chemistry Preprint PDF DOI

Vib2Conf: AI-driven discrimination of molecular conformations from vibrational spectra

Xin-Yu Lu, De-Yi Lin, Tong Zhu, Bin Ren, Hao Ma, Guo-Kun Liu · 2026

Retrieving or generating two-dimensional molecular structures on the basis of vibrational spectra has been well demonstrated via deep learning models. However, deciphering three-dimensional molecular …

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

A Particle Multi-Relaxation Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook Method for Rarefied Monatomic Gas Mixtures

Inchan Kim, Joonbeom Kim, Woonghwi Park, Eunji Jun · 2026

Kinetic models based on the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) framework provide an efficient alternative to the Boltzmann equation for rarefied gas flows; however, existing formulations for gas mixtures rem…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

ZFLean: a framework for set-level mathematics in Lean

Vincent Trelat · 2026

We present ZFLean, a Lean 4 library for doing core mathematics inside a model of ZFC with the ergonomics expected of typed Mathlib developments. Building on Mathlib's ZFC model, we contribute a relati…

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Engineering Preprint PDF DOI

$M^2$-VLA: Boosting Vision-Language Models for Generalizable Manipulation via Layer Mixture and Meta-Skills

Siyao Xiao, Yuhong Zhang, Zhifang Liu, Zihan Gao, Jingye Zhang, Sinwai Choo, Dake Zhong, Mengzhe Wang, Xiao Lin, Xianfeng Zhou, Jia Jia, Haoqian Wang · 2026

Current Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models predominantly rely on end-to-end fine-tuning. While effective, this paradigm compromises the inherent generalization capabilities of Vision-Language Models …

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