Research
Research
Research
Research
251,400+ open-access research outputs.
Reinforcement learning (RL) has become essential to the post-training of large language models (LLMs) for reasoning, agentic capabilities and alignment. Successful RL relies on sufficient exploration …
Denote by $p(k)$ the limit, as $n \rightarrow \infty$, of the probability that a random permutation on a set of size $n$ has an invariant set of size $k$. We give an asymptotic formula for $p(k)$, sho…
Ta$_{3}$N$_{5}$ is among the most intensively studied photoanode materials for solar-driven water oxidation, yet its performance often remains limited by short carrier lifetimes and defect mediated re…
This paper investigates the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a nonlinear evolution equation governed by an m-accretive operator A in a Banach space, presenting a perturbation term that does n…
Building on the genus-3 reduction $C_A : w^2 = \lambda^8 + A \lambda^4 + 1$ established in our companion paper (arXiv:2604.09328), we give an unconditional proof of the perfect-cuboid conjecture ("Con…
We present Collaborative Agent Reasoning Engineering (CARE), a disciplined methodology for engineering Large Language Model (LLM) agents in scientific domains. Unlike ad-hoc trial-and-error approaches…
Deep strong light-matter coupling represents an extreme non-perturbative regime of quantum electrodynamics, in which the interaction strength exceeds the bare frequencies of the uncoupled systems. The…
Purpose: Fast detection of plant stress is key to plant phenotyping, precision agriculture, and automated crop management. In particular, efficient irrigation management requires early identification …
3D Gaussian Splatting has emerged as a powerful scene representation for real-time novel-view synthesis. However, its standard adaptive density control relies on screen-space positional gradients, whi…
Fast radio bursts (FRBs), thought to originate from magnetars, exhibit diverse polarization properties that constrain their emission physics and local magneto-ionic environments. The polarization posi…
Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) standardisation parameters exhibit evidence for systematic variation across the host galaxy star-formation rate - stellar mass (SFR$-M_\star$) plane, motivating the incorpora…
Let $M$ be a smooth manifold without boundary and let $\mathcal{T}$ be a countable collection of manifolds with corners, each equipped with a smooth map to $M$. We show that the singular simplicial se…
We study the Liouville equation $\triangle u+e^{2u} =0$ in a Riemannian surface $(M, g)$ with nonnegative $Ricci$ curvature. Under some asymptotic lower bound assumptions, we classify all the soluti…
In this work, we extend the standard pre-inflationary misalignment mechanism for axion-like particles (ALPs) by introducing a pre-oscillatory phase with constant equation of state $\omega_\phi\in[-1,1…
As Vision-Language Models (VLMs) become increasingly integrated into decision-making systems, it is essential to understand how visual inputs influence their behavior. This paper investigates the effe…
In this paper, we study the $L^p$-boundedness of Stein's square function $\mathfrak{S}^{\alpha}(\mathcal{L})$ associated with the sub-Laplacian $\mathcal{L}$ on M\'etivier group $G$. A key aspect of o…
Salts are an integral part of the environment for living systems and, therefore, understanding their effects on proteins and other biomolecules is of fundamental interest. Small-angle X-ray scattering…
The rapidly expanding artificial intelligence (AI) industry has produced diverse yet powerful prediction tools, each with its own network architecture, training strategy, data-processing pipeline, and…
Degenerate spinor Bose gases with repulsive density-density interaction and anti-ferromagnetic spin-spin coupling in one spatial dimension are shown to be described by a quantum integrable matrix exte…
A pygmy shrew (\textit{Suncus etruscus}, ${\approx}2$\,g) sustains a resting heart rate near $1{,}000$\,beats\,min$^{-1}$ and dies within two years; an African elephant (${\approx}4{,}000$\,kg) beats …
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