Research
Research
Research
Research
228,460+ open-access research outputs.
Reinforcement learning (RL) has become essential to the post-training of large language models (LLMs) for reasoning, agentic capabilities and alignment. Successful RL relies on sufficient exploration …
We introduce a refined immersed boundary (IB) methodology that is better-than-first-order accurate in practice, while preserving key properties of "continuous-forcing" IB approaches that retain a sing…
This work presents ThermoMesh, a passive thin-film thermoelectric mesh sensor designed to detect and characterize spatio-temporally sparse heat sources through conduction-based thermal imaging. The de…
The standard post-training recipe for large multimodal models (LMMs) applies supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on curated demonstrations followed by reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR). H…
The Quantum Lattice Boltzmann Method (QLBM) has emerged as one of the most promising quantum computing approaches for the numerical simulation of problems in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The dy…
Accurate lesion segmentation is crucial for clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. However, lesions often resemble surrounding tissues and exhibit ill-defined boundaries, leading to unstable predi…
Ta$_{3}$N$_{5}$ is among the most intensively studied photoanode materials for solar-driven water oxidation, yet its performance often remains limited by short carrier lifetimes and defect mediated re…
The nonlinear Hall effect (NLHE) connects crystalline symmetry to quantum geometry, offering a probe of band topology beyond linear transport. While most studies have focused on the Berry curvature di…
Although intersections are the most complex parts of the roadway network, pedestrian crashes at non-intersection locations are disproportionately frequent, highlighting a serious traffic safety concer…
Numerous metascience studies and other initiatives have begun to monitor the prevalence of open science practices when it is more important to understand the 'downstream' effects or impacts of open sc…
Vehicular sensing-based intelligence has made substantial progress in transportation systems, leading to higher levels of safety and sustainability for smart cities and autonomous systems. This paper …
Mid-circuit measurement and classical feed-forward are essential primitives for dynamic-circuit teleportation on superconducting quantum processors. However, the error associated with measurement-cond…
Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized Text-to-SQL generation, allowing users to query structured data using natural language with growing ease. Yet, real-world deployment remains challengin…
In this paper, we prove that if the Frobenius traces agree at all but finitely many places, then two $l$-adic Galois representations, associated to rank-$2$ non-CM Drinfeld modules of generic characte…
Griffiths phases are typically associated with quenched disorder, while frustration gives rise to multistability and spin-glass behavior. Whether extended criticality can arise in other contexts remai…
We demonstrate a technique for spatially resolved temperature measurement utilizing Rydberg Doppler broadening thermometry. This method employs two focused laser beams arranged perpendicularly to exci…
Despite the diversity and energy dependence of $\gamma$-ray pulse morphologies in Crab, Vela and Dragonfly, the phaseograms of these three canonical young pulsars can be organised within a single four…
The problem of determining whether a probabilistic program terminates almost surely (i.e.~with probability one) is undecidable, and actually $\Pi^0_2$-complete. For this reason, a growing literature h…
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly used to translate visual artifacts into code, from UI mockups into HTML to scientific plots into Python scripts. A circuit diagram can be view…
Collective intelligence emerges across biological, physical, and artificial systems without central coordination, yet a unifying principle governing such behaviour remains elusive. The Free Energy Pri…
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