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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Towards Neuro-symbolic Causal Rule Synthesis, Verification, and Evaluation Grounded in Legal and Safety Principles

Zainab Rehan, Christian Medeiros Adriano, Sona Ghahremani, Holger Giese · 2026

Rule-based systems remain central in safety-critical domains but often struggle with scalability, brittleness, and goal misspecification. These limitations can lead to reward hacking and failures in f…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

TopBench: A Benchmark for Implicit Prediction and Reasoning over Tabular Question Answering

An-Yang Ji, Jun-Peng Jiang, De-Chuan Zhan, Han-Jia Ye · 2026

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced Table Question Answering, where most queries can be answered by extracting information or simple aggregation. However, a common class of real-world queries i…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Can AI Be a Good Peer Reviewer? A Survey of Peer Review Process, Evaluation, and the Future

Sihong Wu, Owen Jiang, Yilun Zhao, Tiansheng Hu, Yiling Ma, Kaiyan Zhang, Manasi Patwardhan, Arman Cohan · 2026

Peer review is a multi-stage process involving reviews, rebuttals, meta-reviews, final decisions, and subsequent manuscript revisions. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have motivated me…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Meta-Analysis Without Normality: Estimating the True Effect Distribution with Penalized Gaussian Mixtures

Daihe Sui, Elizabeth Tipton · 2026

Standard random-effects meta-analysis relies heavily on the assumption that the underlying true effects are normally distributed. In the social sciences, where evidence synthesis increasingly involves…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Rethinking Agentic Reinforcement Learning In Large Language Models

Fangming Cui, Ruixiao Zhu, Cheng Fang, Sunan Li, Jiahong Li · 2026

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has traditionally focused on training specialized agents to optimize predefined reward functions within narrowly defined environments. However, the advent of powerful Large…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Test Before You Deploy: Governing Updates in the LLM Supply Chain

Mohd Sameen Chishti, Damilare Peter Oyinloye, Jingyue Li · 2026

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as core dependencies in software systems. However, the hosted LLM services evolve continuously through provider-side updates without explicit version…

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

On the Difference Between Pulsar Radio Emission Beams from the Two Poles

Xiancong Wu, Hongguang Wang, Hao Tong, Rui Luo, Pengfei Wang, Chengbing Lyu, Hai Lei · 2026

The long-standing assumption of symmetric radio emission beams from the two magnetic poles of pulsars is challenged by observational evidence of asymmetry and underfill. Direct testing of this symmetr…

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Pancyclicity in Graph Families with the Ore-Type Condition

Luyi Li, Yubo Wang, Guiying Yan · 2026

Let $ n \in \mathbb{N} $ with $ n \geq 3 $, and let $\mathcal{G} = \{G_i:i\in [n]\} $ be a family of $ n $-vertex graphs on a common vertex set $V$, where the graphs in the family do not need to be di…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Improving Graph Few-shot Learning with Hyperbolic Space and Denoising Diffusion

Yonghao Liu, Jialu Sun, Wei Pang, Fausto Giunchiglia, Ximing Li, Xiaoyue Feng, Renchu Guan · 2026

Graph few-shot learning, which focuses on effectively learning from only a small number of labeled nodes to quickly adapt to new tasks, has garnered significant research attention. Despite recent adva…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Robust inference methods of diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis for influential outlying studies via density power divergence

Kotaro Sasaki, Hisashi Noma, Theodoros Evrenoglou · 2026

In diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis (DTA-MA), standard inference methods using bivariate random-effects models for jointly synthesizing sensitivity and specificity can be sensitive to outlying s…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Bayesian X-Learner: Calibrated Posterior Inference for Heterogeneous Treatment Effects under Heavy-Tailed Outcomes

Eichi Uehara · 2026

Conditional Average Treatment Effect (CATE) estimation in practice demands three properties simultaneously: heterogeneous effects $\tau(x)$, calibrated uncertainty over them, and robustness to the hea…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Safe Bilevel Delegation (SBD): A Formal Framework for Runtime Delegation Safety in Multi-Agent Systems

Yuan Sun · 2026

As large language model (LLM) agents are deployed in high-stakes environments, the question of how safely to delegate subtasks to specialized sub-agents becomes critical. Existing work addresses multi…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Toward Autonomous SOC Operations: End-to-End LLM Framework for Threat Detection, Query Generation, and Resolution in Security Operations

Md Hasan Saju, Akramul Azim · 2026

Security Operations Centers (SOCs) face mounting operational challenges. These challenges come from increasing threat volumes, heterogeneous SIEM platforms, and time-consuming manual triage workflows.…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Student Classroom Behavior Recognition Based on Improved YOLOv8s

Xiang Gao, Shuai Hang · 2026

In classroom teaching, student behavior can reflect their learning state and classroom participation, which is of great significance for teaching quality analysis. To address the problems of dense stu…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Mechanized Foundations of Structural Governance: Machine-Checked Proofs for Governed Intelligence

Alan L. McCann · 2026

We present five results in the theory of structural governance for cognitive workflow systems. Three are mechanized in Coq 8.19 using the Interaction Trees library with parameterized coinduction; two …

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

When 2D Tasks Meet 1D Serialization: On Serialization Friction in Structured Tasks

Chung-Hsiang Lo, Lu Li, Diji Yang, Tianyu Zhang, Yunkai Zhang, Yoshua Bengio, Yi Zhang · 2026

Large language models (LLMs) conventionally process structured inputs as 1D token sequences. While natural for prose, such linearization may introduce additional representational burden for tasks whos…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Upskilling with Generative AI: Practices and Challenges for Freelance Knowledge Workers

Kashif Imteyaz, Isabel Lopez, Nakul Rajpal, Hunjun Shin, Saiph Savage · 2026

Freelance workers must continually acquire new skills to remain competitive in online labor markets, yet they lack the organizational training, mentorship, and infrastructure available to traditional …

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

First-Principles Thermodynamic Analysis of Ternary Chalcogenide Phase Change Materials

Felix Adams, Ichiro Takeuchi, Carlos Rios Ocampo, Yifei Mo · 2026

Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) are important for nonvolatile memory and reconfigurable photonic technologies. The GeTe-Sb2Te3 mixture system, commonly referred to as GST, is the most well-…

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Applied Random Matrix Theory

Joel A. Tropp · 2026

Random matrices now play a role in many parts of computational mathematics. To advance these applications, it is desirable to have tools that are flexible, easy to use, and powerful. Over the last 25 …

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

End-to-end autonomous scientific discovery on a real optical platform

Shuxing Yang, Fujia Chen, Rui Zhao, Junyao Wu, Yize Wang, Haiyao Luo, Ning Han, Qiaolu Chen, Yuze Hu, Wenhao Li, Mingzhu Li, Hongsheng Chen, Yihao Yang · 2026

Scientific research has long been human-led, driving new knowledge and transformative technologies through the continual revision of questions, methods and claims as evidence accumulates. Although lar…

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