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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

SpecVQA: A Benchmark for Spectral Understanding and Visual Question Answering in Scientific Images

Jialu Shen, Han Lyu, Suyang Zhong, Hanzheng Li, Haoyi Tao, Nan Wang, Changhong Chen, Xi Fang · 2026

Spectra are a prevalent yet highly information-dense form of scientific imagery, presenting substantial challenges to multimodal large language models (MLLMs) due to their unstructured and domain-spec…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Can AI Be a Good Peer Reviewer? A Survey of Peer Review Process, Evaluation, and the Future

Sihong Wu, Owen Jiang, Yilun Zhao, Tiansheng Hu, Yiling Ma, Kaiyan Zhang, Manasi Patwardhan, Arman Cohan · 2026

Peer review is a multi-stage process involving reviews, rebuttals, meta-reviews, final decisions, and subsequent manuscript revisions. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have motivated me…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Can We Volunteer Out of the Peer Review Crisis?

Theo Tang, Toby Handfield, Julian Garcia · 2026

The volume of scientific manuscripts is growing faster than the capacity to evaluate them, yet the institutions that govern peer review have remained largely unchanged. The result is a widening mismat…

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

Spin-Induced Nonlinear Scalarization of Kerr Black Holes in Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity

Meng-Yun Lai, Hyat Huang, Jutta Kunz, Yun Soo Myung, De-Cheng Zou · 2026

We investigate spin-induced scalarization of Kerr black holes in an Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet (EsGB) model that does not admit a linear tachyonic instability of the scalar-free solution. The scalar…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Toward a Characterization of Simulation Between Arithmetic Theories

Hunter Monroe · 2026

We study when a sound arithmetic theory $\mathcal S{\supseteq}S^1_2$ with polynomial-time decidable axioms efficiently proves the bounded consistency statements $Con_{\mathcal S{+}\phi}(n)$ for a true…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Towards an Ethical AI Curriculum: A Pan-African, Culturally Contextualized Framework for Primary and Secondary Education

Abidemi Kuburat Adedeji, Franklin Tchakounte, Sulaiman Oluwasegun Yusuff · 2026

Artificial intelligence (AI) is now embedded in educational, civic, and economic systems worldwide. For African primary and secondary education, this creates a double imperative: to prepare a young po…

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

On the Difference Between Pulsar Radio Emission Beams from the Two Poles

Xiancong Wu, Hongguang Wang, Hao Tong, Rui Luo, Pengfei Wang, Chengbing Lyu, Hai Lei · 2026

The long-standing assumption of symmetric radio emission beams from the two magnetic poles of pulsars is challenged by observational evidence of asymmetry and underfill. Direct testing of this symmetr…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

A Longitudinal Analysis of Good First Issue Practices and Newcomer Pull Requests in Popular OSS Projects

Hirotatsu Hoshikawa, Hidetake Tanaka, Kazumasa Shimari, Raula Gaikovina Kula, Kenichi Matsumoto · 2026

Open-source software (OSS) projects rely on effective newcomer onboarding to sustain their communities. OSS projects widely adopt "good first issue" (GFI) labels to highlight beginner-friendly tasks. …

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

AG-TAL: Anatomically-Guided Topology-Aware Loss for Multiclass Segmentation of the Circle of Willis Using Large-Scale Multi-Center Datasets

Jialu Liu, Yue Cui, Shan Yu · 2026

Accurate multiclass segmentation of the Circle of Willis (CoW) is essential for neurovascular disease management but remains challenging due to complex vascular topology and variable morphology. Exist…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

End-to-End and Phase-Level Performance Optimization for Hyperledger Fabric

Pavan Sollu, Aniruddha Mukherjee, Divya Pulivarthi, S.R. Eshwar, Gugan Thoppe, Kshitij Pratihast, Tittu Varghese, Hrishikesh Nashikkar, Yogesh Simmhan · 2026

Hyperledger Fabric (HLF) is a modular, permissioned blockchain widely adopted in enterprise settings. Enhancing its throughput and latency remains challenging, as optimization decisions made in one ph…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Better Models, Faster Training: Sigmoid Attention for single-cell Foundation Models

Vijay Sadashivaiah, Georgios Dasoulas, Judith Mueller, Soumya Ghosh · 2026

Training stable biological foundation models requires rethinking attention mechanisms: we find that using sigmoid attention as a drop in replacement for softmax attention a) produces better learned re…

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

Coronal Diagnostics Via Modelling Periodic-Beaded Stripes of Solar Radio Bursts

Chuanyang Li, Yao Chen, Bing Wang, Yutong Li, Xiangliang Kong, Hao Ning, Sulan Ni, Shuwang Chang, Zichuan Li, Yang Gao, Zhe Cui, Li Deng, Jingye Yan, Fabao Yan · 2026

Using high-resolution data from the Chashan Broadband Solar radio spectrometer at meter wavelengths (CBSm) of the Chinese Meridian Project-Phase II (CMP-II), Li et al. (2025) identified a novel fine s…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

SafeReview: Defending LLM-based Review Systems Against Adversarial Hidden Prompts

Yuan Xin, Yixuan Weng, Minjun Zhu, Ying Ling, Chengwei Qin, Michael Hahn, Michael Backes, Yue Zhang, Linyi Yang · 2026

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into academic peer review, their vulnerability to adversarial prompts -- adversarial instructions embedded in submissions to manipulate outc…

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Engineering Preprint PDF DOI

Split over $n$ resource sharing problem: Are fewer capable agents better than many simpler ones?

Karthik Soma, Mohamed S. Talamali, Genki Miyauchi, Giovanni Beltrame, Heiko Hamann, Roderich Gross · 2026

In multi-agent systems, should limited resources be concentrated into a few capable agents or distributed among many simpler ones? This work formulates the split over $n$ resource sharing problem wher…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Adaptive and AI-Augmented Security Testing: A Systematic Survey of Program Analysis, Feedback-Driven Testing, and Hybrid Learning-Based Approaches

Michael Wienczkowski · 2026

Modern software systems are increasingly developed within rapid continuous integration and deployment (CI/CD) pipelines, where ensuring security prior to release presents significant technical and org…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Camera-RFID Fusion for Robust Asset Tracking in Forested Environments

John Hateley, Sriram Narasimhan, Omid Abari · 2026

Passive RFID tags offer a cost-effective and scalable solution for tracking numerous deployed assets. However, in forested environments, signal attenuation and multipath effects generally limit RFID s…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

LLM-Assisted Empirical Software Engineering: Systematic Literature Review and Research Agenda

Victoria Gomes, Delaney Selb, Fabio Palomba, Rodrigo Spinola, David Lo · 2026

Context: Empirical Software Engineering (ESE) faces increasing challenges due to data scale, methodological complexity, and reproducibility concerns. Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as promi…

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

A PDE approach to Benamou--Brenier formula for the Schr\"odinger problem

Mattia Garatti, Luca Nenna, Simona Rota Nodari, Luca Tamanini · 2026

We studied the Benamou--Brenier formulation of the Schr\"odinger problem, focusing on a gap between theoretical results and applications, that often involve measures with unbounded support. While the …

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Benders Cut Filtering for Affine Potential-Based Flow Problems with Robustness Scenarios and Topology Switching

Tim Donkiewicz, Oliver Gaul · 2026

Many large-scale optimization problems decompose into a master problem and scenario subproblems, a structure that can be exploited by Benders decomposition. In Benders decomposition, each iteration ma…

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

The PHANGS-H{\alpha} survey. Ground-based narrow-band imaging of nearby star-forming galaxies

Alessandro Razza, Guillermo A. Blanc, Brent Groves, Enrico Congiu, Justus Neumann, Hsi-An Pan, I-Ting Ho, Ashley T. Barnes, Francesco Belfiore, Mederic Boquien, Charlie Burton, Melanie Chevance, Oleg Egorov, Eric Emsellem, Chris Faesi, Simon C. O. Glover, Kathryn Grasha, Ralf S. Klessen, Kathryn Kreckel, Adam K. Leroy, Rebecca McElroy, Ismael Pessa, Eva Schinnerer, Neven Tomicic, Amirnezam Amiri, Gagandeep S. Anand, Yixian Cao, Daniel A. Dale, Simthembile Dlamini, Jing Li, J. Eduardo Mendez-Delgado, Eric J. Murphy, Debosmita Pathak, Miguel Querejeta, Lise Ramambason, Erik Rosolowsky, Fabian Scheuermann, Leonardo Ubeda, Thomas G. Williams · 2026

We present PHANGS-H{\alpha}, a narrow-band imaging survey that maps H{\alpha} emission over a sample of 65 nearby massive star-forming galaxies. The data were obtained using the MPG-ESO 2.2-meter tele…

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