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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Auditing Frontier Vision-Language Models for Trustworthy Medical VQA: Grounding Failures, Format Collapse, and Domain Adaptation

Xupeng Chen, Binbin Shi, Chenqian Le, Qifu Yin, Lang Lin, Haowei Ni, Ran Gong, Panfeng Li · 2026

Deploying vision-language models (VLMs) in clinical settings demands auditable behavior under realistic failure conditions, yet the failure landscape of frontier VLMs on specialized medical inputs is …

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

First Detection of Faraday Rotation in a Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow: Low Polarization and High Rotation Measure in GRB 260310A Reveal Jet Magnetic Structure and Environment

Collin T. Christy, Tanmoy Laskar, Kate D. Alexander, Noah Franz, Jonathan Granot, Ryan Chornock, Raffaella Margutti, Ramandeep Gill, Jeniveve Pearson, Edo Berger, Wen-fai Fong, Coleman Rohde, Patricia Schady · 2026

We report the detection of linear polarization in the radio afterglow of GRB 260310A, representing the first centimeter-wavelength polarization detection of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow and the f…

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

Orbital Data Centers: Spacecraft Constraints and Economic Viability

Slava G. Turyshev · 2026

Orbital data centers are being evaluated as solar-powered compute constellations and relay-integrated processing platforms. Their feasibility is not set by orbital solar flux alone, but by simultaneou…

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

The IACOB project: XVII. Nitrogen abundances in Galactic O-type stars: further hints for separating binary-interaction products from effectively single stars

C. Martinez-Sebastian, G. Holgado, S. Simon-Diaz, F. Martins, J. Puls · 2026

Context. Growing evidence is revealing the crucial role of binarity in massive star evolution. This affects evolution models and demands a refinement of the available observational constraints. Aims. …

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

RADD: Retrieval-Augmented Discrete Diffusion for Multi-Modal Knowledge Graph Completion

Guanglin Niu, Bo Li · 2026

Most multi-modal knowledge graph completion (MMKGC) models use one embedding scorer to do both retrieval over the full entity set and final decision making. We argue that this coupling is a core bottl…

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

Non-Monotonic Rotation Imprint on Time-Integrated Neutrino Spectral Moments in a 15\,$M_\odot$ Core-Collapse Supernova Sequence

Nicolas Viaux · 2026

We study the early post-bounce neutrino signal of the published Garching $15\,M_\odot$ rotating core-collapse supernova (CCSN) sequence consisting of non-rotating (NR), slowly rotating (SR, $\Omega_0=…

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

Quantum Kernel Advantage over Classical Collapse in Medical Foundation Model Embeddings

Sebastian Cajas Ordonez, Felipe Ocampo Osorio, Dax Enshan Koh, Rafi Al Attrach, Aldo Marzullo, Ariel Guerra-Adames, J. Alejandro Andrade, Siong Thye Goh, Chi-Yu Chen, Rahul Gorijavolu, Xue Yang, Noah Dane Hebdon, Leo Anthony Celi · 2026

We provide evidence of quantum kernel advantage under noiseless simulation in binary insurance classification on MIMIC-CXR chest radiographs using quantum support vector machines (QSVM) with frozen em…

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Computational Method for Desensitized Optimal Guidance Using Direct Collocation

Katrina Winkler, Anil Rao · 2026

A computational method is developed for desensitized optimal guidance using adaptive Gaussian quadrature collocation. The method computes a reference trajectory that reduces the sensitivity to uncerta…

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Intersecting families with bounded intersections

Kristina Ago, Gyula O.H. Katona · 2026

Let $\mathcal F\subset 2^{[n]}$ be an $s$-uniform family such that every two distinct sets have a nonempty intersection but intersect in at most $k$ elements. By the well-known Ray-Chaudhuri--Wilson t…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Dual Causal Inference: Integrating Backdoor Adjustment and Instrumental Variable Learning for Medical VQA

Zibo Xu, Qiang Li, Ke Lu, Jin Wang, Weizhi Nie, Yuting Su · 2026

Medical Visual Question Answering (MedVQA) aims to generate clinically reliable answers conditioned on complex medical images and questions. However, existing methods often overfit to superficial cros…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

RADS: Reinforcement Learning-Based Sample Selection Improves Transfer Learning in Low-resource and Imbalanced Clinical Settings

Wei Han, David Martinez, Anna Khanina, Lawrence Cavedon, Karin Verspoor · 2026

A common strategy in transfer learning is few shot fine-tuning, but its success is highly dependent on the quality of samples selected as training examples. Active learning methods such as uncertainty…

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

Rotation-induced Relaxation of Supernova Constraints on Axionlike Particles

Tsurugi Takata, Kanji Mori, Ko Nakamura, Kei Kotake · 2026

We study how rotation modifies the constraints on MeV-scale axion-like particles (ALPs) coupled to photons derived from SN 1987A. We constrain the ALP parameter space based on both the energy-loss arg…

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Rado's covering problem for cubes and balls: a semi-survey

Gian Maria Dall'Ara, Adrian Dumitrescu · 2026

What is the largest constant $c\in [0,1]$ with the property that every finite collection $\mathcal{C}$ of axis-parallel squares in the plane admits a disjoint sub-collection $\mathcal{S}$ occupying at…

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Engineering Preprint PDF DOI

DTEA: A Dual-Topology Elastic Actuator Enabling Real-Time Switching Between Series and Parallel Compliance

Vishal Ramesh, Aman Singh, Shishir Kolathaya · 2026

Series and parallel elastic actuators offer complementary but mutually exclusive advantages, yet no existing actuator enables real-time transition between these topologies during operation. This paper…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

RAD-2: Scaling Reinforcement Learning in a Generator-Discriminator Framework

Hao Gao, Shaoyu Chen, Yifan Zhu, Yuehao Song, Wenyu Liu, Qian Zhang, Xinggang Wang · 2026

High-level autonomous driving requires motion planners capable of modeling multimodal future uncertainties while remaining robust in closed-loop interactions. Although diffusion-based planners are eff…

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Economics & Finance Preprint PDF DOI

Ticket to ride: Impact of free public transport on women's workforce participation in India

Udayan Rathore, Ashish Singh · 2026

We leverage a quasi natural experiment from India on introduction of free bus schemes for women across five states to study it's impact on women's workforce participation. We use two rounds of the rep…

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Locally Equienergetic Graphs

Cahit Dede, Kalpesh M. Popat · 2026

For a given graph \( G \), let \( G^{(j)} \) denote the graph obtained by the deletion of vertex \( v_j \) from \( G \). The difference \( \mathscr{E}(G) - \mathscr{E}(G^{(j)}) \) quantifies the chang…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Parallel Algorithms for Group Isomorphism via Code Equivalence

Michael Levet · 2026

In this paper, we exhibit $\textsf{AC}^{3}$ isomorphism tests for coprime extensions $H \ltimes N$ where $H$ is elementary Abelian and $N$ is Abelian; and groups where $\text{Rad}(G) = Z(G)$ is elemen…

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

A higher-order dual cell method for time-domain Maxwell equations

Lorenzo Codecasa, Bernard Kapidani, Joachim Schoberl, Markus Wess · 2026

We present a higher-order extension of the dual cell method for the time-domain Maxwell equations in three spatial dimensions. The approach builds upon a variational reinterpretation of the Finite Int…

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

An Erd\H{o}s-Ko-Rado theorem for binary codes

Shamil Asgarli, Chi Hoi Yip · 2026

We study intersecting families of words from the Erd\H{o}s-Ko-Rado perspective. When the alphabet size is $2$, a maximum intersecting family is not necessarily a star. However, we prove that every max…

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