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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

From Soliloquy to Agora: Memory-Enhanced LLM Agents with Decentralized Debate for Optimization Modeling

Jianghao Lin, Zi Ling, Chenyu Zhou, Tianyi Xu, Ruoqing Jiang, Zizhuo Wang, Dongdong Ge · 2026

Optimization modeling underpins real-world decision-making in logistics, manufacturing, energy, and public services, but reliably solving such problems from natural-language requirements remains chall…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Independent-Component-Based Encoding Models of Brain Activity During Story Comprehension

Kamya Hari, Taha Binhuraib, Jin Li, Cory Shain, Anna A. Ivanova · 2026

Encoding models provide a powerful framework for linking continuous stimulus features to neural activity; however, traditional voxelwise approaches are limited by measurement noise, inter-subject vari…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Beyond coauthorship: semantic structure and phantom collaborators in transportation research, 1967--2025

Seongjin Choi · 2026

We present a semantic-structural atlas of transportation research built from 120{,}323 papers across 34 peer-reviewed journals published between 1967 and 2025, roughly an order of magnitude larger tha…

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Earth & Environmental Sciences Preprint PDF DOI

Europa's Lyman-$\alpha$ emissions from HST/STIS observations

L. Roth, K.D. Retherford, J. Saur, D.F. Strobel, T. Becker, S. Bergman, A. Blocker, S.R. Carberry Mogan, C. Grava, M. Ivchenko, S. Joshi, M.A. McGrath, F. Nimmo, L. Paganini, W. Pryor, J.R. Spencer · 2026

An image of Lyman-$\alpha$ (Ly$\alpha$) emission from Europa obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (HST/STIS) has previously provided the first evidence of loca…

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Biology & Life Sciences Preprint PDF DOI

AROMA: Augmented Reasoning Over a Multimodal Architecture for Virtual Cell Genetic Perturbation Modeling

Zhenyu Wang, Geyan Ye, Wei Liu, Man Tat Alexander Ng · 2026

Virtual cell modeling predicts molecular state changes under genetic perturbations in silico, which is essential for biological mechanism studies. However, existing approaches suffer from unconstraine…

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Earth & Environmental Sciences Preprint PDF DOI

Instability-Aware Steering of an Extreme Atmospheric River in an AI Weather Foundation Model

Moyan Liu, Qin Huang, Upmanu Lall · 2026

Advances in deep learning methods for weather forecasting are creating opportunities to computationally explore the potential for steering or control of extreme weather trajectories for societal risk …

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

A Census of Na D-traced neutral ISM and outflows at $0.6<z<4$

Yang Sun, Zhiyuan Ji, Francesco D'Eugenio, Yongda Zhu, George H. Rieke, William M. Baker, Andrew J. Bunker, Stefano Carniani, Jakob M. Helton, Michele Perna, Pablo G. Perez-Gonzalez, Pierluigi Rinaldi, Hannah Ubler, Christopher N. A. Willmer · 2026

We present a statistical census of the Na D-traced neutral interstellar medium (ISM) and outflows in 309 galaxies at $0.6<z<4$ using JWST/NIRSpec medium-resolution grating spectroscopy from the SMILES…

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

AURORA: A High Performance DAQ Framework for Next-Generation Rare-Event Search Experiments

Yihan Guo, Xiaofeng Shang, Chang Cai, Weihao Wu, Xun Chen · 2026

The upcoming PandaX-xT experiment will deploy over 3,000 readout channels operating at a 500 MSa/s sampling rate, generating a sustained data bandwidth up to 1.6 GB/s. To meet this demanding requireme…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

RoIt-XMASA: Multi-Domain Multilingual Sentiment Analysis Dataset for Romanian and Italian

Andrei-Marius Avram, Aureliu Valentin Antonie, Cosmin-Mircea Croitoru, Vlad Andrei Muntean, Dumitru-Clementin Cercel · 2026

We present RoIt-XMASA, a multilingual dataset that extends the Cross-lingual Multi-domain Amazon Sentiment Analysis to Italian and Romanian, comprising 36,000 labeled reviews across three domains (boo…

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

Stellar Coronal Mass Ejections with HWO: A Science Case Concept

R. O. Parke Loyd, James Paul Mason, Ivey Davis, Kevin France, Meng Jin, Karin Dissauer · 2026

The primary mission of the Habitable World Observatory (HWO) will be to constrain the prevalence of life on Earth-like planets. These planets will be subject to impacts by energetic particles generate…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

CoCoDiff: Optimizing Collective Communications for Distributed Diffusion Transformer Inference Under Ulysses Sequence Parallelism

Bin Ma, Xingjian Ding, Tekin Bicer, Pengfei Su, Dong Li · 2026

Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) are increasingly adopted in scientific computing, yet growing model sizes and resolutions make distributed multi-GPU inference essential. Ulysses sequence parallelism sca…

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

Exascale Multi-Task Graph Foundation Models for Imbalanced, Multi-Fidelity Atomistic Data

Massimiliano Lupo Pasini, Jong Youl Choi, Kshitij Mehta, Richard Messerly, Rylie Weaver, Linda Ungerboeck, Isaac Lyngaas, Benajmin Stump, Ashwin M. Aji, Karl W. Schulz, Jorda Polo · 2026

We present an exascale workflow for materials discovery using atomistic graph foundation models built on HydraGNN. We jointly train on 16 open first-principles datasets (544+ million structures coveri…

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Earth & Environmental Sciences Preprint PDF DOI

Constraining Electron-Impact Ionization of O$_2$ Through UV Aurora Observations at Ganymede

Stefan Duling, Joachim Saur, Darrell Strobel, Philippa Molyneux, Jamey R. Szalay, Thomas K. Greathouse · 2026

While photoionization rates of Ganymede's O$_2$ dominated atmosphere are well constrained, the contribution of electron-impact ionization is rather uncertain. Previous quantitative estimates have reli…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Robust Graph Isomorphism, Quadratic Assignment and VC Dimension

Anatole Dahan, Martin Grohe, Daniel Neuen, Tomas Novotny · 2026

We present an additive $\varepsilon n^{2}$-approximation algorithm for the Graph Edit Distance problem (GED) on graphs of VC dimension $d$ running in time $n^{O(d/\varepsilon^{2})}$. In particular, th…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Sustaining Exascale Performance: Lessons from HPL and HPL-MxP on Aurora

Kazushige Goto, Huda Ibeid, Kalyan Kumaran, Servesh Muralidharan, Anthony-Trung Nguyen, Aditya Nishtala · 2026

Sustaining exascale performance in production requires engineering choices and operational practices that emerge only under real deployment constraints and demand coordination across system layers. Th…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Multi-Agent Orchestration for High-Throughput Materials Screening on a Leadership-Class System

Thang Duc Pham, Harikrishna Tummalapalli, Fakhrul Hasan Bhuiyan, Alvaro Vazquez Mayagoitia, Christine Simpson, Riccardo Balin, Venkatram Vishwanath, Murat Keceli · 2026

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with High-Performance Computing (HPC) is transforming scientific workflows from human-directed pipelines into adaptive systems capable of autonomous dec…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

AromaGen: Interactive Generation of Rich Olfactory Experiences with Multimodal Language Models

Yunge Wen, Awu Chen, Jianing Yu, Jas Brooks, Hiroshi Ishii, Paul Pu Liang · 2026

Smell's deep connection with food, memory, and social experience has long motivated researchers to bring olfaction into interactive systems. Yet most olfactory interfaces remain limited to fixed scent…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Scalable Pretraining of Large Mixture of Experts Language Models on Aurora Super Computer

Dharma Teja Vooturi, Dhiraj Kalamkar, Dipankar Das, Bharat Kaul · 2026

Pretraining Large Language Models (LLMs) from scratch requires massive amount of compute. Aurora super computer is an ExaScale machine with 127,488 Intel PVC (Ponte Vechio) GPU tiles. In this work, we…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

SteelDB: Diagnosing Kernel-Space Bottlenecks in Cloud OLTP Databases

Mitsumasa Kondo · 2026

Modern cloud OLTP databases have sought performance primarily through user-space optimization - separating storage and compute layers, or distributing transactions across multiple nodes using consensu…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Testing Sparse Functions over the Reals

Vipul Arora, Arnab Bhattacharyya, Philips George John, Sayantan Sen · 2026

Over the last three decades, function testing has been extensively studied over Boolean, finite fields, and discrete settings. However, to encode the real-world applications more succinctly, function …

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