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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Anomaly Detection in Soil Heavy Metal Contamination Using Unsupervised Learning for Environmental Risk Assessment

Isaac Tettey Adjokatse, Samuel Senyo Koranteng, George Yamoah Afrifa, Theophilus Ansah-Narh, Marcellin Atemkeng, Joseph Bremang Tandoh, Kow Ahor Essel-Yorke, Richmond Opoku-Sarkodie, Rebecca Davis · 2026

Soil contamination by heavy metals poses a persistent environmental and public health concern in rapidly urbanising regions of Ghana, particularly at unregulated waste disposal sites. This study appli…

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Learning Sparse BRDF Measurement Samples from Image

Wen Cao · 2026

Accurate BRDF acquisition is important for realistic rendering, but dense gonioreflectometer measurements are slow and expensive. We study how to select a small number of BRDF measurements that are mo…

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CoQuant: Joint Weight-Activation Subspace Projection for Mixed-Precision LLMs

Zhe Ding, Su Pan, Duowei Pan · 2026

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has become an important technique for reducing the inference cost of Large Language Models (LLMs). While recent mixed-precision methods improve ultra-low bit quantizat…

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Structural Generalization on SLOG without Hand-Written Rules

Zichao Wei · 2026

Structural generalization in semantic parsing requires systems to apply learned compositional rules to novel structural combinations. Existing approaches either rely on hand-written algebraic rules (A…

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Principal Component Based Estimation of Finite Population Mean under Multicollinearity

Rajesh Singh, Shobh Nath Tiwari · 2026

Auxiliary information is frequently utilized in survey sampling to improve the efficiency of estimators of the finite population mean. However, the simultaneous use of multiple auxiliary variables oft…

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A New Kind of Network? Review and Reference Implementation of Neural Cellular Automata

Martin Spitznagel, Janis Keuper · 2026

Stephen Wolfram proclaimed in his 2003 seminal work "A New Kind Of Science" that simple recursive programs in the form of Cellular Automata (CA) are a promising approach to replace currently used math…

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Independent-Component-Based Encoding Models of Brain Activity During Story Comprehension

Kamya Hari, Taha Binhuraib, Jin Li, Cory Shain, Anna A. Ivanova · 2026

Encoding models provide a powerful framework for linking continuous stimulus features to neural activity; however, traditional voxelwise approaches are limited by measurement noise, inter-subject vari…

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Uncovering Latent Patterns in Social Media Usage and Mental Health: A Clustering-Based Approach Using Unsupervised Machine Learning

Md All Shahria, Sanjeda Dewan Mithila, Touhid Alam, Mohammad Sakib Mahmood, Mahfuza Khatun · 2026

The widespread adoption of social media has heightened interest in its psychological effects, particularly on mental health indicators such as anxiety, depression, loneliness, and sleep quality, as th…

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Heterogeneous Variational Inference for Markov Degradation Hazard Models: Discretized Mixture with Interpretable Clusters

Takato Yasuno · 2026

Bayesian finite mixture models can identify discrete risk clusters (low-risk vs. high-risk equipment), but face three critical bottlenecks: (1) insufficient degradation signals from coarse state discr…

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Nautile-370M: Spectral Memory Meets Attention in a Small Reasoning Model

Maixent Chenebaux · 2026

We present Nautile-370M, a 371-million-parameter small language model designed for efficient reasoning under strict parameter and inference budgets. Nautile-370M uses a hybrid backbone in which two Se…

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Beyond the mean: Sequence analysis methods for clustering ordinal EMA data

Tianyi Wang, Anna L. Smith, Jillian R. Silva-Jones, Wendy Berry Mendes, Lauren N. Whitehurst · 2026

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) ratings are widely used in studies of behavioral and psychological phenomena to capture real-time data in subjects' real-world environments. Because the data are …

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Operational Feature Fingerprints of Graph Datasets via a White-Box Signal-Subspace Probe

Yuchen Xiong, Swee Keong Yeap, Zhen Hong Ban · 2026

Graph neural networks achieve strong node-classification accuracy, but learned message passing entangles ego attributes, neighborhood smoothing, high-pass graph differences, class geometry, and classi…

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Assessing the impact of dimensionality reduction on clustering performance -- a systematic study

Ousmane Assani Amate, Mohammadreza Bakhtyari, Emilie Roy, Vladimir Makarenkov · 2026

Dimensionality reduction is a critical preprocessing step for clustering high-dimensional data, yet comprehensive evaluation of its impact across diverse methods and data types remains limited. In thi…

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Hierarchical Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis of Longitudinal Data

Xinyu Zhang, Ameer Qaqish, D.Y. Lin, Didong Li · 2026

In many longitudinal studies, a large number of variables are measured repeatedly over time, with substantial missing data. Existing methods, such as probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA),…

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Does PCA Work for Rough Functional Data?

Tim Kutta, Nina Dornemann, Piotr Kokoszka · 2026

Functional data analysis is concerned with the analysis of infinite-dimensional data functions. Functional principal component analysis (FPCA) is a key method to obtain finite-dimensional summaries. C…

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Local Neighborhood Instability in Parametric Projections: Quantitative and Visual Analysis

Frederik L. Dennig, Daniel A. Keim · 2026

Parametric projections let analysts embed new points in real time, but input variations from measurement noise or data drift can produce unpredictable shifts in the 2D layout. Whether and where a proj…

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Variance Is Not Importance: Structural Analysis of Transformer Compressibility Across Model Scales

Samuel Salfati · 2026

We present a systematic empirical study of transformer compression through over 40 experiments on GPT-2 (124M parameters) and Mistral 7B (7.24B parameters). Our analysis covers spectral compression, b…

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Improving clinical interpretability of linear neuroimaging models through feature whitening

Sara Petiton, Antoine Grigis, Raphael Vock, Edouard Duchesnay · 2026

Linear models are widely used in computational neuroimaging to identify biomarkers associated with brain pathologies. However, interpreting the learned weights remains challenging, as they do not alwa…

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Replicable Bandits with UCB based Exploration

Rohan Deb, Udaya Ghai, Karan Singh, Arindam Banerjee · 2026

We study replicable algorithms for stochastic multi-armed bandits (MAB) and linear bandits with UCB (Upper Confidence Bound) based exploration. A bandit algorithm is $\rho$-replicable if two execution…

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Principal Nested Cones

Yanyan Zhan, Ian L. Dryden, Yuexuan Wu · 2026

In many applications, the data lie on a type of cone, where there is a distinction between an overall scale variable and the remaining scale-free structure. For example, the joint size and shape of ob…

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