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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

Mapping data sensitivities in global QCD analysis with linear response and influence functions

Richard Whitehill · 2026

Global QCD analyses provide the primary framework for extracting hadron structure from experimental data, yet the mechanisms by which data constrain non-perturbative functions remain difficult to inte…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

What Makes a Good Terminal-Agent Benchmark Task: A Guideline for Adversarial, Difficult, and Legible Evaluation Design

Ivan Bercovich · 2026

Terminal-agent benchmarks have become a primary signal for measuring the coding and system-administration capabilities of large language models. As the market for evaluation environments grows, so doe…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Perfectly Private Over-the-Air Computation

Shudi Weng, Ming Xiao, Mikael Skoglund · 2026

This paper studies a key research question: how to achieve perfect privacy in over-the-air computation (AirComp)? The problem is particularly intriguing due to a dilemma. Real-field operations can ens…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

3D Reconstruction Techniques in the Manufacturing Domain: Applications, Research Opportunities and Use Cases

Chialoon Cheng, Kaijun liu, Zhiyang Liu, Marcelo H Ang Jr · 2026

This comprehensive review examines the evolution and the current state of the art in three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques in manufacturing applications. The analysis covers both traditiona…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Data-Adaptive and Model-Robust Covariate Adjustment for Time-to-Event Outcomes in Stratified Randomized Trials

Raphael C. Kim, Brian Gilbert, Ramin Zabih, Michele Santacatterina, Ivan Diaz · 2026

Time-to-event outcomes are commonly used as primary endpoints in randomized clinical trials. Despite this, relatively little work incorporates baseline covariate information while also accounting for …

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Shuffling-Aware Optimization for Private Vector Mean Estimation

Shun Takagi, Seng Pei Liew · 2026

We study $d$-dimensional unbiased mean estimation in the single-message shuffle model, where each user sends a single privatized message and the analyzer only observes the shuffled multiset of reports…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

FedHarmony: Harmonizing Heterogeneous Label Correlations in Federated Multi-Label Learning

Zhiqiang Kou, Junxiang Wu, Wenke Huang, Wenwen He, Ming-Kun Xie, Changwei Wang, Yuheng Jia, Di Jiang, Yang Liu, Xin Geng, Qiang Yang · 2026

Federated Multi-Label Learning is a distributed paradigm where multiple clients possess heterogeneous multi-label data and perform collaborative learning under privacy constraints without sharing raw …

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Frank-Wolfe Beyond 1/t Convergence

Sebastian Pokutta · 2026

We consider smooth convex minimization over compact convex sets, i.e., $\min_{x \in C} f(x)$ with the (vanilla) Frank-Wolfe algorithm. Well-known lower bounds establish a worst-case $\Omega(1/t)$ prim…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Exploring Interaction Paradigms for LLM Agents in Scientific Visualization

Jackson Vonderhorst, Kuangshi Ai, Haichao Miao, Shusen Liu, Chaoli Wang · 2026

This paper examines how different types of large language model (LLM) agents perform on scientific visualization (SciVis) tasks, where users generate visualization workflows from natural-language inst…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

LLMs as ASP Programmers: Self-Correction Enables Task-Agnostic Nonmonotonic Reasoning

Adam Ishay, Joohyung Lee · 2026

Recent large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive reasoning milestones but continue to struggle with high computational costs, logical inconsistencies, and sharp performance degradation on …

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Biology & Life Sciences Preprint PDF DOI

Neural Investment as an Entropy-Budget Strategy: A Thermodynamic Derivation of Primate Longevity from the Principle of Biological Time Equivalence

Mesfin Taye · 2026

Primates exhibit a robust deviation from canonical allometric scaling: at fixed body mass, their lifespans exceed those of non-primate mammals by factors of two to three. A rhesus macaque (8 kg) lives…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Noise2Map: End-to-End Diffusion Model for Semantic Segmentation and Change Detection

Ali Shibli, Andrea Nascetti, Yifang Ban · 2026

Semantic segmentation and change detection are two fundamental challenges in remote sensing, requiring models to capture either spatial semantics or temporal differences from satellite imagery. Existi…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Parameter-Efficient Architectural Modifications for Translation-Invariant CNNs

Nuria Alabau-Bosque, Jorge Vila-Tomas, Paula Dauden-Oliver, Valero Laparra, Jesus Malo · 2026

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are widely assumed to be translation-invariant, yet standard architectures exhibit a startling fragility: even a single-pixel shift can drastically degrade perform…

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Biology & Life Sciences Preprint PDF DOI

The Lifetime Cardiac-Cycle Invariant in Endothermic Vertebrates: A 230-Species Comparative Dataset, Statistical Validation, and Explicit Falsifiability Criteria

Mesfin Taye · 2026

A pygmy shrew (\textit{Suncus etruscus}, ${\approx}2$\,g) sustains a resting heart rate near $1{,}000$\,beats\,min$^{-1}$ and dies within two years; an African elephant (${\approx}4{,}000$\,kg) beats …

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Multi-Level Narrative Evaluation Outperforms Lexical Features for Mental Health

Yuxi Ma, Jieming Cui, Muyang Li, Ye Zhao, Yu Li, Yixuan Wang, Chi Zhang, Yinyin Zang, Yixin Zhu · 2026

How people narrate their experiences offers a window into how the mind organizes them. Computational approaches to therapeutic writing have evolved from lexical counting to neural methods, yet remain …

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Taming Noise-Induced Prototype Degradation for Privacy-Preserving Personalized Federated Fine-Tuning

Yuhua Wang, Qinnan Zhang, Xiaodong Li, Huan Zhang, Yifan Sun, Wangjie Qiu, Hainan Zhang, Yongxin Tong, Zhiming Zheng · 2026

Prototype-based Personalized Federated Learning (ProtoPFL) enables efficient multi-domain adaptation by communicating compact class prototypes, but directly sharing them poses privacy risks. A common …

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Machine Unlearning for Class Removal through SISA-based Deep Neural Network Architectures

Ishrak Hamim Mahi, Siam Ferdous, Md Sakib Sadman Badhon, Nabid Hasan Omi, Md Habibun Nabi Hemel, Farig Yousuf Sadeque, Md. Tanzim Reza · 2026

The rapid proliferation of image generation models and other artificial intelligence (AI) systems has intensified concerns regarding data privacy and user consent. As the availability of public datase…

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

A Cosmological Uncertainty Relation and Late-Universe Acceleration

Savvas M. Koushiappas · 2026

We propose that the size of the universe and its rate of expansion cannot be simultaneously specified with arbitrary precision, a quantum mechanical statement encoded in a deformed commutation relatio…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Learning to Reason: Targeted Knowledge Discovery and Fuzzy Logic Update for Robust Image Recognition

Gurucharan Srinivas, Joshua Niemeijer, Frank Koster · 2026

Integrating domain knowledge into deep neural networks is a promising way to improve generalization. Existing methods either encode prior knowledge in the loss function or apply post-processing module…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Average-Tree Phylogenetic Diversity Parameterized by Scanwidth and Invisibility

Leo van Iersel, Mark Jones, Jannik Schestag, Celine Scornavacca, Mathias Weller · 2026

We investigate parameterized algorithms for computing the average-tree phylogenetic diversity (APD) in rooted phylogenetic networks, studying the problem under different structural parameters that cap…

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