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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Measuring the Unmeasurable: Markov Chain Reliability for LLM Agents

Phat T. Tran-Truong, Xuan-Bach Le · 2026

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly operate as sequential software systems, but their reliability is often summarized by scalar benchmark metrics. Metrics such as pass$@k$, pass$^k$, and th…

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Optimal and Near-Optimal Constructions for Bootstrap Percolation in Hypercubes

Jonathan A. Noel · 2026

The $r$-neighbour bootstrap process on a graph $G$ begins with a set of infected vertices; subsequently, healthy vertices become infected once they have at least $r$ infected neighbours. The central e…

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Bootstrap percolation of extension hypergraphs

Weichan Liu, Bjarne Schulke, Xin Zhang · 2026

For $k$-graphs $F$ and $H_0$ the $F$-bootstrap percolation process (or $F$-process) starting with $H_0$ is a sequence $(H_i)_{i\geq0}$ of $k$-graphs such that $H_{i+1}$ is obtained from $H_i$ by addin…

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Inversion monotonicity in subclasses of the 1324-avoiders

Anders Claesson, Svante Linusson, Henning Ulfarsson, Emil Verkama · 2026

A collection $B$ of patterns is called inversion monotone if $\mathrm{av}_n^k(B)$, the number of $B$-avoiding permutations of length $n$ with $k$ inversions, is weakly increasing in $n$ for any fixed …

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

When Annotators Agree but Labels Disagree: The Projection Problem in Stance Detection

Bowen Zhang · 2026

Stance detection is nearly always formulated as classifying text into Favor, Against, or Neutral. This convention was inherited from debate analysis and has been applied without modification to social…

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Economics & Finance Preprint PDF DOI

Stable Matchings with Choice Correspondences Under Acyclicity

Varun Bansal, Mihir Bhattacharya, Ojasvi Khare · 2026

We study the existence of stable matchings when agents have choice correspondences instead of preference relations. We extend the framework of \cite{chambers2017choice} by weakening the path independe…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Empirical Likelihood Inference for Sen and Sen--Shorrocks--Thon Indices

Sreelakshmi N, Saparya Suresh, Sudheesh K. Kattumannil · 2026

The Sen index and Sen-Shorrocks-Thon (SST) index are widely used measures of poverty indices. Developing reliable inference for these measures enables us to compare these measures in different populat…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Online Experiential Learning for Language Models

Tianzhu Ye, Li Dong, Qingxiu Dong, Xun Wu, Shaohan Huang, Furu Wei · 2026

The prevailing paradigm for improving large language models relies on offline training with human annotations or simulated environments, leaving the rich experience accumulated during real-world deplo…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Modal Fragments

Nick Bezhanishvili, Balder ten Cate, Arunavo Ganguly, Arne Meier · 2026

We survey systematic approaches to basis-restricted fragments of propositional logic and modal logics, with an emphasis on how expressive power and computational complexity depend on the allowed opera…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Beyond Length Scaling: Synergizing Breadth and Depth for Generative Reward Models

Qiyuan Zhang, Yufei Wang, Tianhe Wu, Can Xu, Qingfeng Sun, Kai Zheng, Xue Liu, Chen Ma · 2026

Recent advancements in Generative Reward Models (GRMs) have demonstrated that scaling the length of Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning considerably enhances the reliability of evaluation. However, curre…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Reliable Abstention under Adversarial Injections: Tight Lower Bounds and New Upper Bounds

Ezra Edelman, Surbhi Goel · 2026

We study online learning in the adversarial injection model introduced by [Goel et al. 2017], where a stream of labeled examples is predominantly drawn i.i.d.\ from an unknown distribution $\mathcal{D…

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Engineering Preprint PDF DOI

RoEL: Robust Event-based 3D Line Reconstruction

Gwangtak Bae, Jaeho Shin, Seunggu Kang, Junho Kim, Ayoung Kim, Young Min Kim · 2026

Event cameras in motion tend to detect object boundaries or texture edges, which produce lines of brightness changes, especially in man-made environments. While lines can constitute a robust intermedi…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Distribution-Free Sequential Prediction with Abstentions

Jialin Yu, Moise Blanchard · 2026

We study a sequential prediction problem in which an adversary is allowed to inject arbitrarily many adversarial instances in a stream of i.i.d. instances, but at each round, the learner may also abst…

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

Sidorenko property and forcing in regular tournaments

Daniel Kral', Matjaz Krnc, Filip Kucerak, Bernard Lidicky, Jan Volec · 2026

We give a complete characterization of tournaments H that have the Sidorenko property with respect to nearly regular tournaments, i.e., the homomorphism density of H among all nearly regular tournamen…

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Physics Preprint PDF DOI

Deforming the Double-Scaled SYK & Reaching the Stretched Horizon From Finite Cutoff Holography

Sergio E. Aguilar-Gutierrez · 2026

We study the properties of the double-scaled SYK (DSSYK) model under chord Hamiltonian deformations based on finite cutoff holography for general dilaton gravity theories with Dirichlet boundaries. Th…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Explicit Expressions for Multidimensional Value-at-Risk under Archimedean Copulas

Dotamana Yeo, Saralees Nadarajah, Amadou Sawadogo · 2026

This paper studies multivariate Value-at-Risk (VaR) for financial portfolios with a focus on modeling dependence structures through Archimedean copulas. Using the generator representation of Archimede…

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

$G_\delta$ Circle Squaring

Spencer Unger, Narmada Varadarajan, Felix Weilacher · 2026

We show that a circle and square of the same area in $\mathbb{R}^2$ are equidecomposable by translations using $\mathbf{\Delta}^0_2$ pieces. That is, pieces which are simultaneously $F_\sigma$ and $G_…

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Computer Science Preprint PDF DOI

Lex Reformatica: Five Principles of Policy Reform for the Technological Age

Sonia Katyal · 2026

Twenty-five years ago, Joel Reidenberg argued that technology itself, not just law and regulation, imposes rules on communities in the Information Society. System design choices like network architect…

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Mathematics Preprint PDF DOI

On the number of antichains in $\{0,1,2\}^n$

Matthew Jenssen, Jinyoung Park, Michail Sarantis · 2026

We provide precise asymptotics for the number of antichains in the poset $\{0,1,2\}^n$, answering a question of Sapozhenko. Finding improved estimates for this number was also a problem suggested by N…

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AI & Data Science Preprint PDF DOI

Rapid Augmentations for Time Series (RATS): A High-Performance Library for Time Series Augmentation

Wadie Skaf, Felix Kern, Aryamaan Basu Roy, Tejas Pradhan, Roman Kalkreuth, Holger Hoos · 2026

Time series augmentation is critical for training robust deep learning models, particularly in domains where labelled data is scarce and expensive to obtain. However, existing augmentation libraries f…

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